A Short History of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is named after the Germansuch as health, occupation, and environment.
psychologist Alois Alzheimer's. Whilst it is presented asRecent advances in science and technology have led
a twentieth century disease, the brain degeneration,to a promising new era in Alzheimer's disease history.
cognitive impairment and disturbing behavioral andCognex, the first FDA-approved drug used to slow the
psychiatric problems which characterize the diseasedisease process, hit the markets in 1990, and three
have most likely been around for centuries.others soon followed. The medications slow-down the
While Dr. Alzheimer's is the disease's namesake,cognitive impairment in patients with mild to moderate
Alzheimer's colleague Emil Kraepelin played an equallyAlzheimer's disease by boosting depleted levels of
important role in the identification of the disease.acetylcholine in the brain. These are crucial to the
Kraepelin isolated and grouped together the symptomshealthy functioning of neurons.
of the disorder, suggesting they were a unique diseaseOther research is being done on ways to prevent
process, while Alzheimer was the first to understandAlzheimer's from developing further, and even
what was actually happening in the brains ofpreventing its onset. Certain hormones such as
Alzheimer's patients. He discovered unusual plaquesestrogen and anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin
and tangles in the brain of one of his patients, a fiftyhave been found to have a mediating effect, and
year old woman, who exhibited the symptoms of theenvironmental factors, such as mentally demanding
disorder identified by Kraepelin.occupations, dance, and chess have been found to
After Kraepelin and Alzheimer's identification of thedecrease older people's chances of developing
disease in the early twentieth century, Alzheimer'sAlzheimer's. Even something as simple as wearing a
disease history shows that not many advances wereseatbelt or helmet could be crucial to preventing
made in understanding or treating the disease. ThisAlzheimer's disease.
could have been due to the fact that the diseaseEarly detection techniques are being honed to improve
could only be diagnosed after a patient's death: at thetreatment of the disease. For example, genetic
autopsy, until the end of the twentieth century.research has discovered genetic markers for Familial
Initially, the disease was diagnosed in patients between(as in coming from the family: genetic) Alzheimer's
the ages of 45 and 65 and labeled as "preseniledisease as well as non-familial Alzheimer's. In addition,
dementia." The name Alzheimer's disease only gainedadvanced technology, such as MRIs and PET scans,
popularity in the 70s and 80s as a label for patientsare being used to detect structural changes in the brain
over the age of 65. Now the disease has recognizablethat may indicate the development of Alzheimer's
and diagnosable symptoms, which can appear indisease before symptoms even begin. As the Baby
patients as young as 30. Typically, an aggressive typeBoomer generation begins to age, scientists fear the
of Alzheimer's disease that occurs in patients understrain a large number of dementia patients could place
the age of 65 has a known genetic factor, while theupon the healthcare and social welfare systems;
appearance of the disease in patients over 65 has atherefore, researchers are scrambling to make
number of other factors in regards to its development,Alzheimer's disease history.